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CULTURING OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA FOR IMPROVED PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS

¹ Department of Geology, GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden Helena.Filipsson@geol.lu.se

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Successful culturing of deep-sea benthic foraminifera is still a relatively new field, even though Bruce Corliss published a Spotlight in PALAIOS in 1993 (Corliss, 1993) in which he stressed the potential of culturing deep-sea benthic foraminifera to refine paleoenvironmental reconstructions. In general, foraminiferal-based reconstructions of past ocean circulation and climate rely on empirical calibrations in the modern ocean, which are then extrapolated into the past. Although most calibrations of foraminiferal proxy records have been carried out using core-top sediments, in recent years laboratory culturing studies have made significant contributions to our knowledge of the controls on foraminiferal shell chemistry. Culturing studies with planktonic foraminifera provide the best examples of this approach, including culture-based calibration of the planktonic isotopic thermometers (Erez and Luz, 1982; Bijma et al., 1990; Spero and Lea, 1993; Spero et al., 1997; Bemis et al., 1998). One of the most important results from the experiments using planktonic foraminifera is the realization that variations in carbonate ion concentration ([]) affect the carbon and oxygen stable isotopes, the so-called Carbonate Ion Effect (Spero et al., 1997). This, in turn, also affects the interpretation of isotope data from glacial periods, since the oceans during those times had a different pH and []. The focus here, however, will be on the benthic foraminifers, which have proven to be more difficult to culture.

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